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Icke-verbal kommunikation i omvårdnadsrelationen: En litteraturöversikt om patienters upplevelser
The Swedish Red Cross University College.
The Swedish Red Cross University College.
2017 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
Nonverbal communication in a nurse-patient relationship : A literature review of patients' experiences (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Icke-verbal kommunikation definieras som all kommunikation utöver det talade ordet. Tidigare studier har visat att patienter värdesätter icke-verbala signaler såsom ögonkontakt, kroppsspråk och beröring, men att beröring sällan används som ett medvetet kommunikationsmedel. Det finns en underrepresentation av forskning kring icke-verbal kommunikation när det gäller sjuksköterskor, jämfört med andra yrkesgrupper.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av icke-verbal kommunikation inom omvårdnadsrelationen.

Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt över åtta kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar.

Resultat: Resultatet består av fem teman; varierande icke-verbal kommunikation i omvårdnadsrelationen, att göra patienten delaktig, beröringens påverkan på patienten, könets betydelse i upplevelsen av beröring och patientens utsatthet. Det var viktigt med en grundläggande relation innan beröring fick användas. Beröring hade positiva effekter på patienter såsom att få dem att känna sig sedda, accepterade och förankrade. Användandet av icke-verbal kommunikation kunde göra patienten delaktig eller stärka dess utsatthet. En problematik gällande sjuksköterskans eller patientens kön vid beröring framkom, då beröring exempelvis kunde väcka sexuell upphetsning.

Slutsatser: Resultatet indikerar att sjuksköterskors kunskap om icke-verbal kommunikation och beröring behöver öka. Även i den kliniska praktiken behövs insatser för att sjuksköterskan ska ha tid att reflektera över och främja sin icke-verbala kommunikation.

Abstract [en]

Background: Nonverbal communication is defined as all means of communication beyond the spoken word. Previous studies show that patients value nonverbal signals such as eye contact, body language and touch, but also that touch is seldom used as a conscious means of communication. There is also an underrepresentation of research on nonverbal communication among nurses, compared to other professions.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ experiences of nonverbal communication in the nurse-patient relationship.

Methods: A general literature review of eight scientific studies with a qualitative approach.

Results: The results consist of five themes; variable nonverbal communication in the nurse-patient relationship, involving the patient, the impact of touch on the patient, the significance of gender on the experience of touch and the patient’s vulnerability. It was important to build a relationship with the patient before using touch. Touch had positive effects on patients, such as making them feel seen, accepted and anchored. The use of nonverbal communication could involve the patients or increase their vulnerability. An issue regarding the gender of the nurses or the patients arose while touching, which could cause sexual excitement for example.

Conclusions: The results indicate that nurses’ knowledge concerning nonverbal communication and physical touch should be increased. In clinical practice, there is also a need for efforts to give nurses time to reflect on and increase their nonverbal communication.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2017. , p. 44
Keywords [en]
communication, non-verbal communication, nurse-patient relations, nursing, touch
Keywords [sv]
beröring, icke-verbal kommunikation, kommunikation, omvårdnad, omvårdnadsrelation
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2543OAI: oai:DiVA.org:rkh-2543DiVA, id: diva2:1182943
Educational program
Undergraduate Nursing Program
Uppsok
Medicine
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2018-02-16 Created: 2018-02-15 Last updated: 2018-02-16Bibliographically approved

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