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Different gene expression profiles in metastasizing midgut carcinoid tumors
Uppsala universitet, Endokrinkirurgi.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7366-6258
Uppsala universitet, Endokrinkirurgi.
Uppsala universitet, Endokrinkirurgi.
Uppsala universitet, Endokrinkirurgi.
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2011 (English)In: Endocrine-Related Cancer, ISSN 1351-0088, E-ISSN 1479-6821, Vol. 18, no 4, p. 479-489Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The genetic events leading the progression of midgut carcinoid tumors are largely unknown. The disease course varies from patient to patient, and there is a lack of reliable prognostic markers. In order to identify genes involved in tumor progression, gene expression profiling was performed on tumor specimens. Samples comprised 18 primary tumors, 17 lymph node (LN) metastases, and seven liver metastases from a total of 19 patients. Patients were grouped according to clinical data and histopathology into indolent or progressive course. RNA was subjected to a spotted oligo microarray and B-statistics were performed. Differentially expressed genes were verified using quantitative real-time PCR. Self-organizing maps demonstrated three clusters: 11 primary tumors separated in one cluster, five LN metastases in another cluster, whereas all seven liver metastases, seven primary, and 12 LN metastases formed a third cluster. There was no correlation between indolent and progressive behavior. The primary tumors with Ki67>5%, with low frequency of the carcinoid syndrome, and a tendency toward shorter survival grouped together. Primary tumors differed in expression profile from their associated LN metastases; thus, there is evidence for genetic changes from primary tumors to metastases. ACTG2, GREM2, REG3A, TUSC2, RUNX1, TPH1, TGFBR2, and CDH6 were differentially expressed between clusters and subgroups of tumors. The expression profile that assembles tumors as being genetically similar on the RNA expression level may not be concordant with the clinical disease course. This study reveals differences in gene expression profiles and novel genes that may be of importance in midgut carcinoid tumor progression.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2011. Vol. 18, no 4, p. 479-489
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-1473DOI: 10.1530/ERC-10-0256PubMedID: 21636701OAI: oai:DiVA.org:rkh-1473DiVA, id: diva2:794237
Available from: 2011-10-10 Created: 2015-03-10 Last updated: 2023-11-27Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumours: Genetic and Epigenetic Studies and Novel Serum Biomarkers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumours: Genetic and Epigenetic Studies and Novel Serum Biomarkers
2014 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (SI-NETs) are rare, hormone producing and proliferate slowly. Patients usually display metastases at time of diagnosis, the tumours are difficult to cure, and the disease course is unpredictable.

The gene expression pattern was investigated in paper I, with emphasis on aggressive disease and tumour progression. Expression microarrays were performed on 42 tumours. Unsupervised hierarchal clustering revealed three clusters that were correlated to clinical features, and expression changes from primary tumour to metastasis. Eight novel genes, ACTG2, GREM2, REG3A, TUSC2, RUNX1, TGFBR2, TPH1 and CDH6 may be of importance for tumour progression.

In paper II, expression of ACTG2 was detected in a fraction of SI-NETs, but not in normal enterochromaffin cells. Inhibition of histone methyltransferase and transfection of miR-145 induced expression and no effect was seen after DNA methylation or selective EZH2 inhibition in vitro. miR-145 expression was reduced in metastases compared to primary tumours. Overexpression of ACTG2 inhibited cell growth, and inducing ACTG2 may have therapeutic effects.

TCEB3C (Elongin A3) is located on chromosome 18 and is imprinted in some tissues. In paper III a reduced protein expression was detected. The gene was epigenetically repressed by both DNA and histone methylation in a tumour tissue specific context. The expression was also induced in primary cell cultures after DNA demethylation and pyrosequencing revealed promoter region hypermethylation. Overexpression of TCEB3C inhibited cell growth by 50%, suggesting TCEB3C to be a tumour suppressor gene.

In paper IV, 69 biomarkers were analysed in blood serum using multiplex proximity ligation assay. Nineteen markers displayed different levels between patients and controls. In an extended cohort, ELISA analysis showed elevated serum levels of Mindin, DcR3 and TFF3 in patients and protein expression in tumour cells. High levels of DcR3 and TFF3 were associated with poor survival, and DcR3 may be a marker for liver metastases. Mindin, DcR3, and TFF3 are potential novel diagnostic biomarkers for SI-NETs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2014. p. 51
Series
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 1651-6206 ; 975
Keywords
SI-NET, microarray, tumour suppressor gene, epigenetic, serum biomarkers
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences Basic Medicine
Research subject
Surgery
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-1470 (URN)978-91-554-8887-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2014-04-11, Rosénsalen, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Ing 95, 09:15 (Swedish)
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Available from: 2015-03-11 Created: 2015-03-10 Last updated: 2023-11-27Bibliographically approved

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